语法填空臻选优质好题，我来为大家科普一下关于语法填空题专项练习?以下内容希望对你有帮助!

语法填空题专项练习

语法填空

臻选优质好题

题后附答案及解析

做完后再对照答案进行学习纠错哦

01

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Only a mother's love is true love. When you are still a baby, your mother takes good care ________ you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work at once to look after you day and ________ and forgets about herself. When you ________ （grow） up day by day，she feels very happy.When you are old ________ to go to school, your mother still looks ________ you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you ________ （put） on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back from school every day.

When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels worried about you at home,She ________ （usual） cares about your study and spends much money on your school things.

When you do well at school, you ________ （see） the brightest smile on her face.

Mother can do everything for you day after day. Mother is always ready to give everything she has to her ________ （child）. ________ true love it is in the world! We will remember it forever!

答案及解析

解

【答案】

of；night；are growing；enough；after；to put；usually；will see；children；What

【解析】

文章大意：短文论述了母爱的伟大。

（1）句意：当你还是个孩子的时候，你妈妈尽可能地照顾你，take care of照顾，故答案是of。（2）句意：当你生病的时候，他立即停止工作日夜照顾你。day and night，日日夜夜，固定短语，故答案是night。（3）句意：当你一天天长大的时候，她感到非常高兴。grow生产，动词，根据day by day可知，句子时态为现在进行时，现在进行时的结构式be doing，主语you是第二人称，be的形式为are，故答案是are growing。（4）句意：当你年龄足够大，可以去上学的时候。be 形容词 to do sth.足够……而能够……，固定句式，故答案是enough。（5）句意：你妈妈依然一直照看着你。look after照管，照看，固定短语，故答案是after。（6）句意：在寒冷的冬天，他总是告诉你多穿衣服。tell sb do do sth.告诉某人做某事，固定句式，因此使用动词不定式，故答案是to put。（7）句意：她通常会关心你的学习，在你的学习用品上花费很多钱。空缺处需要副词修饰动词，所以将usual改为usually，故答案是usually。

（8）句意：当你在学校表现好的时候，你能看见她脸上最灿烂的微笑。本句为一种假设，主句使用一般将来时，一般将来时的结构式will do，故答案是will see。（9）句意：妈妈总是准备把她拥有的一切给了她的孩子。这里是泛指，指所有的有妈的孩子，应使用复数，child的复数为children，故答案是children。（10）句意：世界上多么真实的爱啊！本句为感叹句，强调名词love，因此使用what引导，因为在句首，首字母应大写，故答案是What。

【点评】

考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。

02

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sitting at a desk in a classroom all day can be pretty boring. With a bike, the reading class can be ________ （interesting） than before.The teachers in ________ school in the USA have tried this. The Read and Ride program ________（begin） five years ago.

As part of the Read and Ride program, the teachers change the students'________ （desk） into exercise bikes.

With this program, one classroom in the school has enough bikes for each student in class. ________ is possible for the students to ride bikes and read books at the same time.

Even common classrooms have one bike at the back of them.

The students who cannot sit still can use the bike ________ （do） exercise.

The exercise bikes are not only good for the students' health but helpful in ________ （improve） the efficiency of the students' study. When students are bored with study, they can relax themselves

________ riding the bikes for a while.After keeping trying the program for one year, the teachers found that the students ________ took part in the program did much better in reading tests. ________ amazing it is!

答案及解析

解

【答案】

more interesting；a；began；desks；It；to do；improving；by；who/that；How

【解析】

文章大意：文章介绍了美国的一所学校采取的一种有趣的教学方法来提高学生们的阅读能力，这种方法是边骑车边阅读。这种方法的使用收到了良好的效果。（1）句意：使用自行车，阅读课比以前更有趣。根据than，可知应使用形容词的比较级，interesting的比较级为more interesting，故答案是more interesting。（2）句意：美国一个学校的老师尝试了这一种方法。school使用的单数形式，而且并没有特指哪一所学校，因此应使用不定冠词，school是以辅音字母开始，因此应使用不定冠词a，故答案是a。（3）句意：边阅读边骑自行车的项目开始于五年前。根据five years ago可知应使用过去时，begin的过去式是began，故答案是began。（4）句意：作为阅读和骑行计划的一部分，老师将学生的课桌变成了自行车。一个班里的学生不只有一个，因此课桌也就不止一个，因此应使用复数形式desks，故答案是desks。（5）句意：对于学生来说在同一时间边骑自行车边阅读成为了可能。固定搭配，it is 形容词 for sb to do，对于某人来说做某事怎样，故答案是it。

（6）句意：那些不能坐下的学生仍然可以使用自行车做练习。做练习是使用自行车的目的，因此应使用动词不定式做目的状语，故答案是to do。（7）句意：运动自行车不仅有利于学生们的健康，而且能够帮助学生们提高他们的学习效率。in为介词，介词后的动词使用动名词，故答案是improving。（8）句意：他们可以通过骑一会自行车来放松。骑自行车是他们放松的方式，一般使用by来引出方式状语，故答案是by。（9）句意：老师发现那些参加了该项目的学生在阅读考试的时候做的更好。本句为定语从句，先行词students属于人，而且在从句中做主语，因此关系代词可以使用who或者that，故答案是 who/that 。（10）句意：多么令人惊奇啊！根据标点符号可知该句为感叹句，强调的是形容词amazing，因此应使用how，故答案是How。

【点评】

考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据单词在语境中的词性进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定搭配和基本句型。

03

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I never saw my father home from work late or ill, nor did I ever see my father take a "night out with the boys". He had no________ （hobby） but just took care of his family.For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at 9:00 am.

He was always ________ （interest）in my life—how my family as doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, ________ （English） or Florida. Nine years ago when I bought my ________ （one） house, my father, 67 years old, painted my house himself. He worked eight hours a day.

He would not allow me ________ （pay） someone to have it done. All he asked was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father. Five years ago, my 71—year—old father ________ （spend）five hours putting together a swing set（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him. But again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean.The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1996, my father telephoned me as ________ （usually）, this time he had seemed to have forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short.The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father ________ （send）to hospital in Florida, I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make up for the lost time, and have a nice long talk with him and ________ （real）get to know him.I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me.In the years since his ________ （die） I have learnt much about my father, and even more about myself. As a father, he never asked me for anything but my time. Now he has all my attention, every single day.

答案及解析

解

【答案】

hobbies；interested；England；first；to pay；spent；usual；was sent；really；death

【解析】

这篇短文中作者给我们讲述了她的父亲，她父亲是一个很顾家的人，眼里只有他的家人。作者在短文中讲述了生活中的几件事情，从这些事情中我们可以看到，作者因为太忙，跟父亲没有太多的交流，当作者想要弥补时，父亲却离开了她。（1）句意： 他没有爱好，但只是照顾家人。hobby是可数名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填 hobbies。（2）句意： 他总是对我的生活感兴趣。be interested in，固定搭配，对......感兴趣，故填 interested。（3）句意： 这些电话甚至是在他和我妈妈在澳大利亚、英国或佛罗里达的时候打来的。 根据 in Australia 可知此处是表示国家的名词，England，英国，故填 England。（4）句意： 九年前，当我买下我的第一栋房子时，我67岁的父亲亲自粉刷了我的房子。one，基数词，一，表示第一个，用序数词，first，故填 first。（5）句意： 他不允许我付钱给某人去做这件事。allow sb to do，固定搭配，允许某人做，故填 to pay。（6）句意： 五年前，我71岁的父亲花了五个小时组装秋千给我女儿。根据 Five years ago 可知是一般过去时，spend的过去式是spent，故填 spent。（7）句意：1996年1月16日星期日的早上，我父亲像往常一样7点给我打电话，这次他似乎忘记了我们一周前讨论过的一些事情。as usual，固定搭配，像往常一样，故填 usual 。（8）句意： 那天，我父亲8被送到佛罗里达州的医院。根据 That day可知时态是一般过去时，send与主语father是被动关系，故是被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词是was，send的过去分词是sent ， 故填 was sent。（9）句意： 我发誓当我到达时，我会弥补失去的时间，和他好好长谈，然后真正地了解他。副词修饰动词短语get to know，real的副词是really，故填 really。（10）句意： 在他去世后的几年里，我了解了很多关于我父亲的事情，甚至更多关于我自己的事情。his是形容词性物主代词，其后是名词，death，是名词，故填 death。

【点评】

考查语言综合运用能力，注意谓语的时态，语态，词性，搭配等多种用法。

04

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Next time you hold a book in your hands, stop and think. Like most other things in the modern world, it is the result of thousands of years of human invention.First, came the invention of writing, ________（probable） .about 5, 500 years ago. With writing, people did not have to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people that they never________ （see） and share their knowledge with insure generations.

Later, the Greeks were well-known for their literature （文学） and science, but their "books" looked very different ________the books of today. They were called scrolls （卷轴）. They were difficult to use and took a lot of space in a library. About 2,000 years ago, books with lots of pages________ （invent）.For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animal skin. That changed in ________thirteenth century, when Europeans learned about a very ________（use） Chinese invention: paper.But the biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. Many more people could afford the books ________were produced on a printing press.These days it is difficult ________（imagine） a world without books. But human invention does not stop. Every year, more________ （story） are bought as e-books and read on a screen.Will anyone turn the pages of a traditional book in the future, ________will books, like scrolls, soon disappear?

答案及解析

解

【答案】

probably；saw；from；were invented；the；useful；that/which；to imagine；stories；or

【解析】

本文介绍了书的历史。（1）句意： 首先，书写的发明可能在大约5500年前。副词修饰动词came，probable是形容词，probably是副词，故填probably。（2）句意： 他们可以与从未见过的人交流，并与保险公司的几代人分享他们的知识。根据 5, 500 years ago可知时态是一般过去时，see的过去式是saw ， 故填saw。（3）句意： 后来，希腊人因他们的文学和科学而闻名，但是他们的“书”看起来和今天的书大不相同。be different from，固定搭配，与……不同 ， 故填from。（4）句意： 大约2000年前，有很多页的书4被发明。根据2000年前是一般过去时，invent和pages是被动关系，主语是名词复数，故助动词是were ， 故填 were invented。（5）句意： 这种情况在13世纪发生了变化，当时欧洲人了解到一项非常有用的中国发明，纸。根据thirteenth是序数词，其前是定冠词the，故填the。（6）句意：这种情况在13世纪发生了变化，当时欧洲人了解到一项非常有用的中国发明，纸。invention是名词，其前是形容词，use是动词，useful是形容词，故填 useful。（7）句意： 更多的人买得起印刷机上生产的书。定语从句缺少主语，指代先行词books，故用关系代词that/which指代，故填 that/which。（8）句意： 如今，没有书的世界很难想象。it's 形容词 to so，固定搭配，做某事很…… ， 故填 to imagine。（9）句意： 每年，都有更多的故事以电子书的形式被购买并在屏幕上阅读。此处缺少主语，根据are可知是名词复数，story是名词 ， 故填 stories。（10）句意： 将来会有人翻过传统书籍的书页吗？像卷轴一样的书会很快消失吗？连接疑问句表示并列关系用or ， 故填or。

【点评】

考查语法填空，注意谓语的时态，语态，非谓语动词，词性，连词搭配等多种用法。

05

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chen Yujie studies at a boarding school in Ningbo, Zhejiang. She used to go back to her home in Cixi every week ________ （get） money from her parents.It was not a short ride home and the trips were tiring. Chen hoped her parents could put the money on a bank card, ________ she didn't have to travel so often.She decided to discuss ________ with her parents during TV time after dinner. "It's usually the most relaxing time for our family," said Chen.She ________ the right time. After a few turns of lobbying（游说）, her parents ________ agreed with Chen. For most teenagers like Chen, talking to parents can be difficult or even worrying. So they have to choose a right time.American magazine Highlight recently surveyed 1,521 ________ （kid） aged 6~12 in the country, asking questions like" When you want to talk to your parents about something important, when is ________ best time to do it?". Results show that American kids seem to know when their parents are most receptive（乐于接受的）. Mealtime is discovered to be their favourite time to talk to their parents.

Bedtime comes ________ （two）, followed by time spent in the car.________ （China） teenagers seem to have a similar tendency（倾向） towards the problem. A newspaper in Zhejiang did a survey ________ it.

The result shows most teenagers in the city would choose mealtime to talk to their parents.So do you have anything to talk to your parents? Choose a good time.

答案及解析

解

【答案】

to get；so；it；chose；finally；kids；the；second；Chinese；of

【解析】

本文介绍了青少年和父母交流的问题，对大多数青少年来说，与父母交谈可能很困难，甚至令人担忧。所以他们必须选择正确的时间。（1）句意： 她常常每周回到在慈溪的家为了从父母那里取钱。此处是不定式做目的状语，为了，故填 to get。（2）句意： 陈希望她的父母可以把钱打到银行卡上，这样她不用经常回家了。根据 put the money on a bank card和 she didn't have to travel so often可知，把钱打到银行卡上的结果是这样她不用经常回家了，故此处是连词表示结果，so是连词 ，故填so。（3）句意： 她决定晚饭后看电视时和她的父母讨论这件事。discuss后缺少宾语，it指代把钱打到银行卡上这件事，故用it指代一件事，故填it。（4）句意： 她选择了正确时间。此处缺少谓语动词，根据下文choose mealtime to talk to their parents 选择用餐时间和父母交谈 ，可知是选择时机，choose是动词，描述过去用一般过去时，choose的过去式是chose，故填 chose。（5）句意： 在几次游说下，她的父母终于同意了陈的意见。副词修饰动词agreed，finally，终于，是副词 ， 故填 finally。（6）句意： 美国杂志最近重点调查了该国15216名6-12岁的儿童。奇数词1521后是名词复数，故填 kids。

（7）句意： 当你想和你的父母谈论重要的事情，最佳时间是什么时候？best是最高级，故此处缺少定冠词the，故填the。（8）句意： 睡觉时间是其次。根据 followed by time 接着是时间，可知此处表示顺序，故用序数词，two是基数词，second是序数词，第二 ， 故填 second。（9）句意： 中国青少年似乎也有类似的处理问题的倾向。teenagers是名词其前是形容词，China是名词，中国，Chinese是形容词，中国的 ， 故填 Chinese。（10）句意： 浙江的一份报纸，做了一个调查。a survey of，固定搭配，……的调查，故填of。

【点评】

考查语法填空，注意谓语的时态，词性，连词搭配等多种用法。做题时要注意甄别。

06

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jason and Andy are twins. They share a lot of things, including room, food and toys.One Saturday, Jason and Andy went out ________（play） with a toy car. Both of them wanted to be the owner of the car, so they shouted at each other. ________（They） mother heard the boys arguing. She came out and told them to take turns to play with the toy car, but the twins wouldn't.A few days later, Mother brought ________ pet home. "Can't we each have our own pet dog?" asked the boys. They were ________（tire） of sharing everything."No! The dog must ________ （share）." Mother said. "You will have to feed the dog and make sure it does not get into anything wrong."Several days later, the dog got into mother's room ________（secret） and made a mess there. Jason saw the dog playing with mother's clothes. He quickly went to find Andy and told him ________ the dog had done."Oh, no! It's our duty to clean up the mess!" ________（cry） Andy. They boys picked up the clothes and put them away rapidly."Just think, Jason," said Andy, "what a big mess two ________（dog） would made!""I agree ________ you," laughed Jason, "Maybe sharing isn't so bad!"

答案及解析

解

【答案】

to play；Their；a；tired；be shared；secretly；what；cried；dogs；with

【解析】

本文讲述了兄弟两人通过养狗学会了分享。 （1）句意： 一个星期六，杰森和安迪带着一辆玩具车出去玩 。go out to do，固定搭配，出去做某事，故填 to play。（2）句意： 他们的母亲听到男孩们在争吵。mother是名词，其前是形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，他们的，故填Their。（3）句意： 几天后，妈妈带了一只宠物回家。dog是可数名词单数，前面应用冠词限定。pet以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。（4）句意： 他们厌倦了分享一切。be tired of doing sth.，固定搭配，厌烦做某事，故填 tired。（5）句意： “不！这只狗必须分享。”母亲说。share与dog是被动关系，must是情态动词，故用must be done，故填 be shared。

（6）句意： 几天后，这只狗悄悄地进入母亲的房间，把那里弄得一团糟。副词修饰动词短语got into，secret的副词是secretly，故填 secretly。（7）句意： 他很快去找安迪，并告诉他狗做了什么。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故用what指代事或物，故填what。（8）句意： 哦，不！收拾烂摊子是我们的责任！”安迪喊道。描述过去用一般过去时，cry的过去式是cried，故填 cried。（9）句意： 两条狗会弄得多糟啊！dog是可数名词，two修饰可数名词复数，故在dog后直接加s，故填dogs。（10）句意：“我同意你，”杰森大笑说，“或许分享不是那么坏。”agree with sb.，固定搭配，同意某人，故填with。

【点评】

考查语法填空，注意谓语的时态，语态，词性，连词搭配等多种用法。

07

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Anna was a 9-year-old girl from a small village. It was the ________ （one）day of her school in town. W________ seeing her simple clothing and knowing her identity（身份）, other students laughed at Ann. Then the teacher told everyone to write d ________ the 8 wonders of the world. Everyone except Anna handed in

________ （they） answer papers. The teacher came to her, "Don't worry. Just write. ________ you have known. "Anna replied "There are so many ________ （thing） Which 8 wonders can I pick to write?"Most students answered ________ （correct）-the Great Green Wall of China, the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Leaning Tower of Paris… Finally the teacher ________ （start） reading Anna's answer, "The 8 wonders: To be able to see. To be able to Hear, To Feel, Laugh, Think, Be Kind, Love and Learn! "The whole class kept ________ （silence）. The girl from a small village reminded them ________ the precious（宝贵）gift in their life, which were true wonders.

答案及解析

解

【答案】

first；When；down；their；What；things；correctly；started；silent；of

【解析】

文章大意：课上老师让学生写出世界上的八大奇迹，一个来自农村的小女孩的答案与众不同，他的答案提醒了我们生活中真正的礼物是什么。那才是真正的奇迹。（1）句意：这是她在镇上上学的第一天。根据the可知应会使用序数词，one的序数词为first，故答案是first。（2）句意：当看到她简单的服装并且知道她的身份时，其他同学就嘲笑她。根据两个句子的意思可知，该句是一个时间状语从句，根据首字母w可知应会使用when，故答案是When。（3）句意：老师让每个人写下世界上的八大奇迹。write down固定短语，记下，写下，故答案是down。（4）句意：除了安娜每个人都把他们的答卷交上去了。they在这里作定语修饰answer papers，因此应使用形容词性物主代词their，故答案是their。

（5）句意：就写你所知道的。句子为宾语从句空缺处作从句的宾语，应使用从属连词what，故答案是what。（6）句意：安娜回答到：有那么多的东西，我从中选八个吗？根据many可知thing应使用复数形式things，故答案是things。（7）句意：大多数同学回答正确。correct在这里修饰动词answered，应使用副词形式，correct的副词形式为correctly，故答案是correctly。（8）句意：最后，老师开始看安娜的答案。本文的基本时态是一般过去式，在这里应使用start的过去式started，故答案是started。（9）句意：全班都保持沉默。kept在这里是连系动词，后面跟形容词作表语，因此将silence改为silent，故答案是silent。（10）句意：这个来自乡村的小女孩提醒我们生活中宝贵的礼物，那才是真正的奇迹。remind of提醒，固定搭配，故答案是of。

【点评】

考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。

08

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A group of boys gathered around a tree. "What a tall tree!" they said to each other. "It would be exciting to climb to the top!"The group of boys then decided to play a game to see who could ________（climb） to the top of the tree first. Their ________（mother） were sitting not far away, looking on at them as they played.One of the climbers was________（冠词）8-year-old boy named David. He was the________ （short） child in the group. Nobody thought he would win the competition.Then the game started. All of the boys tried ________（ they 1 best to climb as high as they could. ________（连词）they all made it halfway up the tree before David did, he reached the top of the tree first in the end.His mother was proud to see this. She asked him, "David, how did you manage to reach the top of the tree so ________（quick）?""It was easy, "David said. "The other children ________（ keep） looking down as they climbed. When they realized how high they were, they got scared and were afraid of ________（fall） down. I, however, looked only up. When I saw how close I was, I just went higher and higher until I reached the lop."It is true in life that if we just keep going forward________（介词）looking back, we are more likely to reach our goals and achieve success.

答案及解析

解

【答案】

climb；mothers；an；shortest；their；Although/ Though；quickly；kept；falling；without

【解析】

文章大意：用爬树来隐喻走向成功需要勇气。

（1）句意：这群男孩于是决定玩一个游戏，看谁能先爬到树顶。climb是动词，爬，could是情态动词其后是动词原形 ，故填 climb 。

（2）句意：他们的母亲坐在不远处，看着他们玩耍。mother是名词，妈妈，此处泛指故用复数，故填 mothers。（3）句意：其中一个登山者是一个名叫大卫的8岁男孩。boy是名词单数，8以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an表示泛指，故填an。（4）句意：他是小组里个子最矮的孩子。没有人想到他会赢得这场比赛。short是形容词，矮的，根据定冠词the可知是形容词最高级，故填 shortest。（5）句意：然后比赛开始了。所有的男孩都尽力爬到尽可能高的地方。try one's best to do，固定搭配，尽某人最大努力做某事，they的形容词性物主代词是their，他们的，故填 their。（6）句意：虽然他们都比大卫先爬到了树的一半，但最后他还是第一个到达了树顶。根据they all made it halfway up the tree 和 he reached the top of the tree first in the end ，可知此处是让步状语从句的语气，although/ though，尽管，故填 Although/ Though。（7）句意：大卫，你是怎么这么快就爬到树顶的？副词修饰reach，quick的副词是quickly，迅速地，故填 quickly。（8）句意：其他孩子在爬山时不断向下看。根据 as they climbed 可知时态是一般过去时，keep的是动词，其过去式是kept，保持，故填 kept。（9）句意：当他们意识到自己有多高时，就会感到害怕，害怕摔倒。fall是动词，落下，of是介词，其后是动名词falling，故填 falling。（10）句意：这是真实的生活，如果我们继续向前，而不回头看，我们更有可能达到我们的目标和取得成功。根据 keep going forward 可知是不要回头，without是介词，没有，故填 without。

【点评】

考查语言综合运用能力，注意谓语的时态，词性，连词搭配等多种用法。