洛氏硬度（HR）
用一个金刚石圆锥（HRC）或经硬化的（钨）钢球压头（HRB等），以10kgf的预载荷和60, 100, 或 150kgf的主试验力压入被测材料表面。
Rockwell (HR scales)
Indenting the test materialwith a diamond cone (HRC) orhardened (tungsten) steel ball indentor (HRB etc.)applying a preload of 10kgffirst and a main test force of 60kgf, 100kgf, or150kgf.
表面洛氏硬度（HR）
依据设定的标尺，用一个金刚石圆锥或经硬化的（钨）钢球压头压入被测材料表面。表面洛氏测量应用的力值较小，产生的压痕较浅，多用于相对易碎和很薄的材料中。
预载荷为3kgf，主试验力为15, 30, 或45kgf。
Rockwell Superficial (HR scales)
Indenting the test materialwith a diamond cone orhardened (tungsten) steel ball indentor, depending onthe scale preliminary set. The Superficial Rockwell scales use lower force andshallowerimpressions on brittle and very thin materials.
Applying a preload of 3kgffirst and a main test force of15kgf, 30kgf, or 45kgf.
维氏硬度（HV）
以1-120kgf的试验力，将相对面夹角为136°的方锥形金刚石压头压入被测材料表面。
压痕则应用显微镜或USB摄像头来进行视频观测及测量。
Vickers (HV)
Indenting the test materialwith a diamond indentor, inthe form of an inverted perfect pyramid with asquare base and an angle of 136degrees between opposite faces, subjected totest forces of 1kgf to 120kgf.
A microscope or USB camerais used to visualize andmeasure the indentation.
显微维氏硬度（HV）
通常以不超过1kgf的试验力，将相对面夹角为136°的方锥形金刚石压头压入被测材料表面。
压痕则应用精密显微镜或高分辨率的USB摄像头来进行视频观测及测量。
600x的放大倍数是最常见的，1000x的放大倍数正愈加被广泛的应用。
Micro Vickers (HV)
Indenting the test materialwith a diamond indentor, inthe form of an inverted perfect pyramid with asquare base and an angle of 136degrees between opposite faces, subjected totest forces usually not exceeding1kgf.
A precision microscope orhigh resolution USB camera isused to visualize and measure the indentations, magnifications up to 600x are most common. However, magnifications up to1000xare becoming popular as well.
努氏硬度（HK）
通常以不超过1kgf的试验力，将细长的金刚石椎体压入被测材料表面。
600x的放大倍数是最常见的。
Knoop(HK)
Indenting the test materialwith a “elongated” diamondpyramid, subjected to test forces usually notexceeding 1kgf.
A precision microscope orhigh resolution USB camera isused to visualize and measure the indentations,magnifications up to 600x aremost common.
布氏硬度（HB）
以1 - 3000kgf的试验力，将直径分别为1, 2.5, 5或10mm的硬质合金球或碳化钢球压入被测材料表面。
相对大的压痕则应用显微镜或USB摄像头来进行视频观测及测量。
Brinell (HB)
Indenting the to be testedmaterial with a 1, 2.5, 5, or10mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ballsubjected to a load/force rangingfrom 1kg to 3000kg. A microscope or USBcamera is used to visualize and measurethe rather large indentations.
里氏硬度（HL）（回弹方式）
便携式硬度测试。它是用一定质量的装有碳化钨球头的冲击体，在一定弹簧弹力的作用下冲击试件表面，这种冲击力使被测材料表面产生了塑性变形，形成了一个压痕,随之冲击体失去了原有的速度（或能量）。
因此，被测材料越柔软，冲击体在回弹过程中失去的速度就越多。里氏硬度可以应用于多种零件，需要遵守的测试要求也很少。
Leeb (HL) (rebound method)
Portable hardness testing.
An impact body which has aspherical tungsten carbide tip,is impelled onto the test surface by springforce.
The impact creates aplastic deformation of the surface,an indentation, due to which the impact bodyloses part of its original speed(or energy). Consequently, the softer thematerial is, the more speed will belost at rebound of the impact body.
Applicable for a widevariety of components, minimum testrequirements should be obeyed.
超声波硬度测试（UCI）
便携式硬度测试。一个维氏形状的金刚石压头固定在一个震荡棒上，以一定的力值加于被测材料表面，然后根据超音波振动，分析它的阻尼效应，从而测量材料的硬度值。
超声波硬度测试多用于较小，较薄而无法用回弹硬度试验仪所测试的零件。
Ultrasonic (UCI)
Portable hardness testing.
A Vickers shaped diamondindentor fixed on a vibrating rodthat presses on the test surface with aspecific force and then measures itshardness by applying ultrasonic vibrationsand analyzing its damping effect.
Commonly used for small,thin components that cannot betested by rebound hardness testers.
邵氏硬度（SHORE）
便携式（橡胶/塑料制品）硬度测试。邵氏硬度是用具有一定形状的钢制压针，在试验力作用下垂直压入试样表面﹐当压足表面与试样表面完全贴合时﹐压针尖端面相对压足平面有一定的伸出长度(即压针扎进被测物的深度)，以该长度值的大小来表示邵氏硬度的大小。
压针与线性测量设备相连，测量的压痕深度值随之通过机械或电子系统转换为邵氏硬度值。压痕越深，材料越软。
Shore (HS scales)
Portable (rubber/plastics)hardness testing.
The hardness value isdetermined by pressing the indentorfoot firmly onto the sample. The indentoris connected to a linear measuringdevice and measures the indent depth whichis then converted through amechanical or an electronical system to the Shore value.The deeper the indent,the softer the material.
IRHD（国际橡胶硬度）
根据球压头压入被测材料的深度，来测量弹性材料或橡胶抵抗压头压入的性能。在1、2.5或5mm球压头上施加一个初始接触力，将压入深度设置为零。然后增加力值到指定的总负荷，这时测量材料压入的深度值。IRHD值与压头压入的深度有关系。该测量方法通常被应用于测试较小的部件和O型环。
IRHD
Measures the indentationresistance of elastomeric orrubber materials based on the depth of penetrationof a ball indentor.
An initial contact force isapplied to a 1, 2.5 or 5mmball indentor and the penetration is set to zero. The force is increased to a specified total load and the depth ofthepenetration is measured. The IRHD value is related to the depth ofindentorpenetration.
The method is commonly usedfor testing small parts andO-rings.
韦氏硬度
便携式硬度测试。
把被测材料放置在工作台和穿透器之间。然后再向把手处施力直到感觉到已经触到了底，这时千分表便有了读数。韦氏硬度有不同种类的压头，针对不同材料有不同的力值设定。
Webster
Portable hardness testing.
The object to be tested isplaced between the anvil andthe penetrator.
Pressure is then applied tothe handles until “bottom” isfelt, at which time the dial indicator is read.
There are different typesof indentors and different forcesettings for different materials.
不常用的硬度标尺
以下的硬度测试方式是不常用的或是已经被其他方法所代替的：
• HM 马顿斯硬度（压痕测试装置，之前用HU表示-通用硬度）
• H 球压痕硬度
• HVT 改进的维氏硬度测试方法，深度测量
• HBT 改进的布氏硬度测试方法，深度测量
• BARCOL (巴克尔) – 压痕硬度
Less common hardness scales
The following hardnessmethods are less frequently used orsuperseded by other methods:
• HMMartens(instrumented indentation testing,formerly HU –
universal hardness)
• HBall indentation hardness
• HVTModified Vickers method, depthmeasurement
• HBTModified Brinell method, depthmeasurement
• BARCOLImpressionhardness
