不定式作表语是形容词的状语,即:
“主 系 表(adj.) to do”结构
记录典型问题 分享教学方法
S: 学生 T: 老师
S: 老师,The room is comfortable to
live in. 这句话中为什么必须加介词in?
T: 此句型结构为:
主 系 表(adj.) to do
首先明白:
此时不定式to do担当状语,即:
起副词作用,修饰前面的表语形容词。
其次,必须掌握四个关键点(考点):
1.此结构中不定式动词必须是及物动词,若是不及物动词,后需加介词。
原因:此结构中不定式与句子主语形成动宾关系,即:句中存在不定式动词的逻辑宾语,所以动词必须及物。
比如:
She is interesting to talk to /with.
和她谈话很有意思。
2.一般,此结构中不定式用主动形式表被动。比如:
The question is difficult to answer.
无需说:
The question is difficult to be answered.
但是,若表语adj.是表(心理)状态的,根据句意,不定式若表被动,也须用被动形式to be done。比如:
I am grateful to be taken care of.
我很感激被照顾。
3. 此结构与it做形式主语句型的转化。
即:It be adj.(for/of )sb. to do sth.
比如:The water is safe to drink.=
It is safe to drink the water.
She was hard to convince.=
It was hard to convince her.
可转化条件:句中形容词为形容人或物的品质或性质类形容词。
4. 关于此结构中形容词的类型。
1)sb. be 情感/状态类adj. to do
表示:做某事某人的情绪或状态。
如:I am sorry to hear that.
He was lucky to find a good job.
2)sb./sth. 品质/性质类adj. to do
如:You were brave to act like that.
=It was brave of you to act like that.
The fruit isn’t fit to eat.
= It isn’t fit to eat the fruit.
S: 老师,那情感或品质类形容词需要区别记忆吗?
T: 形容词类型只要与主语对应即可(即说得通),无需刻意区分记忆。
练一练:汉译英
1.你这样做是对的。
2.和他在一起很有趣。
S: 答案
1. You were right to do so.
或It was right of you to do so.
2. He was amusing to be with.
或It was amusing to be with him.
本节课教与学心得体会:
在一个知识点上深度学习,其他知识点,相关的或不相关的,都会产生共鸣!