各位朋友：
大家好，现在是“每天健康三分钟”时间，我是安阳道简医院的护士杨玲娜。今天我来给大家讲讲关于高脂血症中的HDL和LDL。
HDL胆固醇也叫高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，它是血脂的成分之一，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇主要是由肝脏合成，主要生理功能是转运磷脂和胆固醇。高密度脂蛋白是一种抗动脉粥样硬化的脂蛋白，是冠心病的保护因子，称为“好”胆固醇，属于血管垃圾“清道夫“，它的作用是可以降低动脉硬化的发病率，使冠心病、脑梗死等疾病发病减少。所以高密度脂蛋白胆固醇数值偏高，对人体的健康是有好处的。但也不是越高越好！在轻度偏高的时候，对心血管系统是有保护作用的，但是如果异常偏高，那么也可以是疾病状态。比如说在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、酒精中毒性肝损伤等肝病的时候，可以导致脂代谢异常。所以如果高密度脂蛋白胆固醇过于升高，需要进一步的检查，明确原因后去加以治疗。另外还有一些非病理性因素如劳累过度、休息不当、饮食不合理、酗酒，原发性高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症者(家族性高α-脂蛋白血症)、药物影响比如维生素E、肝素、避孕药、胰岛素等，也可以引起患者体内高密度脂蛋白偏高的情况。如果几天或一周后降到正常就不用担心，如果长期高血压要注意进一步检查看看。另外，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇出现了长期降低的情况，也需要引起重视，必要时也要到医院系统检查排除病理性原因。
LDL胆固醇即低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是评价高脂血症中的一项重要指标，是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一，容易导致动脉中膜的泡沫细胞的形成，损伤血管内皮细胞，又称为“坏”胆固醇。如果低密度脂蛋白较高可以通过药物治疗，以降低低密度脂蛋白为主的药物有他汀类药物如阿托伐他汀钙、瑞舒伐他汀钙等；除了药物治疗外日常生活中要注意合理饮食，多吃水果蔬菜，少吃油腻、动物内脏和蛋类等胆固醇含量高的食物；积极控制体重，加强锻炼，体重减轻后，血脂紊乱亦可能进一步好转。
最后祝大家生活愉快，身体健康！想了解更多心血管科普小知识，请关注我们，咱们下期见！
【英文版】Do you know HDL and LDL in hyperlipidemia?Dear friends, nice to meet you!Now it is time for “health talk for three minutes every day”,My name is Yang Lingna, a nurse of Anyang Daojian Hospital.Today, I'd like to tell you about HDL and LDL in hyperlipidemia.
HDL cholesterol, also known as high density lipoprotein cholesterol, is one of the components of blood lipids.High density lipoprotein cholesterol is mainly synthesized by the liver,and its main physiological function is to transport phospholipids and cholesterol.High density lipoprotein is an anti atherosclerotic lipoprotein, a protective factor for coronary heart disease.It is called "good" cholesterol, and belongs to the "scavenger" of vascular waste.Its function is to reduce the incidence rate of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. So high density lipoprotein cholesterol is good for human health.But it's not that the higher the HDL-C level, the better!When it is slightly high, it has protective effect on cardiovascular system,but if it is abnormally high, patients may also be in a disease state. For example, if patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver injury and other liver diseases, high HDL-C may lead to abnormal lipid metabolism.
Therefore, if patients with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,it is necessary to do further examination, clear the causes before treatment. In addition, some non pathological factors, such as overwork, improper rest, unreasonable diet, alcohol abuse,patients with primary high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (familial high alpha lipoprotein), or affected by drugs, such as vitamin E, heparin, contraceptives, insulin, etc., may also cause the high level of high-density lipoprotein in patients.If the HDL level drops to normal after a few days or a week of abnormal detection, the patient does not have to do further interventions.
If the HDL level has not returned to normal for a long time, the patient needs further examination.In addition, the hospital should also pay attention to the causes of high cholesterol density if necessary.
LDL cholesterol, namely low density lipoprotein cholesterol, is an important indicator of hyperlipidemia.It is one of the risk factors of atherosclerosis.It can easily lead to the formation of foam cells in the arterial membrane and damage the vascular endothelial cells,also known as "bad" cholesterol.High LDL can be treated by drugs. Statins, such as atorvastatin calcium and rosuvastatin calcium, can reduce LDL. In addition to drug treatment, we should pay attention to reasonable diet in daily life, eat more fruits and vegetables, less greasy food, animal viscera and eggs and other foods with high cholesterol content.
In addition, we should actively control weight and strengthen exercise.After weight loss, dyslipidemia may be improved.
Finally, I wish you all a happy life and good health!To learn more about cardiovascular disease, please pay attention to us. See you next time!
