可有可无的反义词（形容一个人特别重要的词）

端阳节的习俗英文怎么说？

2021-06-15 17:10·English优选官

五月五是端阳，插艾草，戴香囊，吃粽子，撒白糖，龙舟下水喜洋洋。端午节刚刚过去，那如果老外问你端午节的由来及习俗，你怎么说呢？

黑板报：本篇文章讲述重点：1.端午节的起源及其英文表达。2.粽子的翻译方法及此类传统词汇的翻译策略。3.包粽子的步骤及其英文表达。4.端阳节的各种习俗，如包粽子；赛龙舟；挂艾草；戴香囊等及其英文表述。5.关于端午节的英文生词的积累.

1.端午节的起源

The aim of this Dragon Boat festival is to cherish the memory of an official politician called Qu Yuan, who is also a giant poet. He was respected for his great patriotism.

端午节的目的是缅怀一位名叫屈原的官方政治家，他也是一位伟大的诗人。他因伟大的爱国主义而受到尊重。

Dragon Boat festival 端午节a Chinese traditional festival celebrated on the 5th of the fifth lunar month, during which people eat Zongzi and hold dragon boat competition to commemorate Qu Yuan.

cherish [\'tʃerɪʃ],v.珍爱；怀有（感情等）；抱有（希望等）.栗子：Time is valuable, and we should cherish it. 时间宝贵，我们应该珍惜时间。

patriotism[\'peɪtriə.tɪz(ə)m],n.爱国主义；爱国精神.栗子：He was a country boy who had joined the army out of a sense of patriotism and adventure. 他是个乡下小伙子，出于爱国心和冒险精神参了军。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

He suggested an alliance with one state in order to resist another stronger state. However, this was rejected by some of the ministers as they could see that they would lose some of their power and privileges. They made false accusations against him that were believed by King Huai. The misguided monarch became alienated from his valued advisor and sent him into exile as a consequence. Unable to regain the respect of the emperor, watching his country falling into enemies, Qu Yuan threw himself into the Mi Low river and killed himself.

他建议与其他国家结盟以抗衡强国秦国。然而，这一建议被一些官员拒绝了，因为他们看到如果那样，他们会失去一些权力和特权。他们诬陷他，为淮王所信。这位被误导的君主与他尊贵的顾问屈原开始疏远，并最终将他流放。屈原无法重获皇帝的尊重，眼睁睁地看着自己的国家落入敌人之手，所以投汨罗江自尽。

alliance[ə\'laɪəns],The alliance stands ready to do what is necessary. 该联盟已准备好采取必要行动。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

privilege[\'prɪvəlɪdʒ],n. 特权；优待。栗子：It must be a privilege to know such a man.认识这样一个人必是一种荣幸。

accusation[.ækjʊ\'zeɪʃ(ə)n],n. 控告，指控；谴责。

misguided[ˌmɪsˈɡaɪdɪd],adj. 被误导的.

monarch [ˈmɒnək]，n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者.

alienate[ˈeɪliəneɪt],vt. 使疏远，离间. 栗子：The government cannot afford to alienate either group. 该政府承担不起冷落两个组织中的任何一个.《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

短语 alienate from 使疏远 ; 疏远

exile[\'eksaɪl],n. 流放；流犯. vt. 放逐，流放；使背井离乡.栗子：He returned from exile earlier this year.今年年初他流亡归国。

Fall into 落入；陷入；分成。栗子：A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智.《新英汉大辞典》

The local people living adjacent to the Mi Lo River rushed into their boats to search for him while throwing rice into the waters to appease the river dragons. Although they were unable to find Qu Yuan, their efforts are still celebrated today.

住在汨罗江边的当地人纷纷上船寻找他，同时往水里撒米安抚龙王。虽然他们最终没有找到屈原，但他们的努力今天仍然在庆祝。

adjacent[ə\'dʒeɪs(ə)nt],adj.与…毗连的；邻近的.栗子：The planes landed on adjacent runways. 这些飞机在毗连的跑道上降落。《牛津词典》

appease[əˈpiːz],v.安抚；抚慰；绥靖.栗子：Can you appease the boy \'s curiosity?

你能满足这个男孩的好奇心吗？

今天大家吃粽子了吗？

粽子，如果直译的话，应翻译为rice dumpling.但这种翻译不足以体现中国的传统文化。一般常用的翻译为音译zongzi,然后后面加同位语从句Zongzi are pyramid-shaped dumplings made of glutinous rice, stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo leaves.粽子是金字塔形状的糯米做的饺子，有不同的馅儿，包在竹叶里面。（pyramid[\'pɪrəmɪd] 金字塔；glutinous[\'ɡluːtɪnəs]黏的；糯米的。stuff [stʌf],n.原料；物品.v.装满；塞满.wrap[ræp],vi. 包起来；缠绕.n. 外套；围巾）

类似的表达还有很多是中文音译过来的，如“jiaozi”;“tofu”，“kung fu”, “baijiu” 等。

但需要在音译的后面加上英文解释，这一是有利于老外理解；二是有利于中国文化对外传播。

粽子的做法

Firstly, have bamboo leaves watered. Secondly, fill the boat shape with a few tablespoons of the soaked sticky rice. Top with a sprinkling of mung beans. Thirdly, add some smoked meat and shrimps. Fourthly, packed it with line with three, four, or five angles. Fifthly, boiled them, first with big fire, then turn to small fire till rip.

首先，粽叶先浸水。第二，在船型粽叶中填入几勺浸湿的糯米，再加少许绿豆。第三，再加入腌制过的肉和虾。第四，用线把粽子裹起来，可以做成三角、四角或五角。第五，然后再进行蒸煮，先用大火，再转成小火直到粽子壳开裂。

Tablespoon[ˈteɪblspuːn]，n. 大调羹，大汤匙。

soak[səʊk],vt. 吸收; 沉浸在（工作或学习中）；浸泡；渗透.栗子：Soak the beans for 2 hours. 把豆子泡上两个小时。栗子：I\'m going to go and soak in the bath. 我要去泡个澡。《牛津词典》

sticky[ˈstɪki],adj. 粘的；粘性的.

sprinkle[ˈsprɪŋkl],v. 撒，洒；用……点缀；下小雨；零星分布. n. 撒，洒；少量，一点.栗子：Sprinkle the meat with salt and place in the pan.给肉撒点盐，然后放进平锅里。栗子：Unfortunately, the text is sprinkled with errors.遗憾的是，文本有零星的错误。

短语 a sprinkling of 少量；撒上一点...栗子：Most were men, but there was also a sprinkling of young women. 多数是男人，不过也有为数不多的年轻妇女。《牛津词典》

mung [mʌŋ], n.绿豆.

shrimp[ʃrɪmp],n. 虾. vi. 捕虾

rip[rɪp],vi. 裂开，被撕裂. n. 裂口，裂缝.栗子：Looking at the rip in her new dress, she flew into a rage. 看着新连衣裙上的裂口，她勃然大怒。栗子：I heard the tent rip. 我听到了帐篷撕裂的声音。《牛津词典》

短语 rip off 偷窃；扯掉；欺诈；剥削.栗子：They went so far as to rip off Banks in broad daylight. 他们居然在光天化日之下抢劫银行。

端午节的庆祝活动

01 Dragon Boat Racing

赛龙舟

Dragon boat racing is an indispensable part of the festival, held all over the country. As the gun is fired, people will see racers in dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly, accompanied by rapid drums, speeding toward their destination.

赛龙舟是端午节不可缺少的一部分，在全国各地都有举行。随着枪声响起，人们会看到划着龙形独木舟的参赛者和谐而急促地拉着桨，伴随着急促的鼓声，向着目的地疾驰而去。

indispensable[ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl],adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的.栗子：Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives. 汽车已成了我们生活中必不可少的一部分。《牛津词典》。其同义词为essential, necessary.

其反义词为dispensable可有可无的；非必要的。栗子：They looked on music and art lessons as dispensable. 他们认为音乐课和美术课是可有可无的。《牛津词典》

canoe [kəˈnuː],n. 独木舟；轻舟. vi. 乘独木舟

oar[ɔː(r)],n.桨；船桨.

destination[ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn],n. 目的地，终点.栗子:At last, after twenty hours on the boat, they arrived at their destination. 乘船二十小时之后，他们终于到达了目的地。《牛津词典》

02 Wearing Spice bag/sachet

佩香囊

Spice[spaɪs],n. 香料；调味品. vt. 加香料于…；使…增添趣味.栗子：..herbs and spices.…各种香草和香料。栗子：He exaggerated the details to spice up the story. 他添油加醋，使故事更有趣味。《牛津词典》

sachet[ˈsæʃeɪ]，n. 香囊；小袋。

On Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pouch. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines, and finally string them with silk threads. The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament. They are said to be able to ward off evil.

端午节，父母还需要给孩子装上香水袋。他们先用五颜六色的丝布缝制小袋子，然后在袋子里装满香水或草药，最后用丝线串起来。香水袋将挂在脖子上或系在衣服的正面作为装饰品。 据说它们可以避邪。

perfume[ˈpɜːfjuːm],n. 香水；香味. vt. 洒香水于…；使…带香味.栗子：...a bottle of perfume.…一瓶香水。

pouch[paʊtʃ],n. 小袋；育儿袋；烟草袋.栗子：...a kangaroo, with a baby in its pouch.…育儿袋里有只幼崽的袋鼠。

sew[səʊ],vt. 缝合，缝上；缝纫.栗子：I know how to sew a button on. 我知道怎么缝上扣子。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

string[strɪŋ],n. 线，弦，细绳；一串，一行. vt. 悬挂；系；扎；用线（或细绳等）串.栗子：She wore a string of pearls around her neck.她戴了一串珍珠在她的脖子上。栗子：He went off to change a guitar string. 他离开了去换一根吉他弦。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》栗子：The incident was the latest in a string of attacks.该事件是一连串攻击中最近的一起。

thread[θred], n. 线；螺纹；线状物. vt. 穿过；穿线于；使交织.栗子：I sit down, thread a needle, snip off an old button. 我坐下来，穿好针，剪下了一粒旧钮扣。栗子：Slowly she threaded her way back through the moving mass of bodies.她在行人中缓慢穿行，挤了回来。栗子：A common thread runs through these discussions. 这些讨论都贯穿着一条共同的主线。《牛津词典》

garment[ˈɡɑːmənt],n. 衣服，服装；外表.

Garment与clothes的区别：clothes表示全身的穿着，具体的一件件的衣服，上衣、内衣、裤子等都包含在内，比较日常的使用。garment主要指长袍、外套一类外穿的衣服，语气庄重，比较正式。

ornament[ˈɔːnəmənt],n. 装饰品；[服装]装饰物.

Ornament与decoration的区别:

decoration通常单单指装修,比较没有什么色彩的倾向,只是很单纯的表示"装修装潢装饰"。

ornament则多指比较浮夸的装饰品,包括浮雕啦,金碧辉煌的吊灯啦什么的,通常在描述很大的豪宅时用ornament比较多。

ward off避开；挡住。栗子：She may have put up a fight to try to ward off her assailant. 她可能进行过一场搏斗，试图击退袭击者。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

03 Hanging Calamus and Wormwood

悬艾叶

Calamus[ˈkæləməs],n. 菖蒲.( 菖蒲是我国常见的植物,其特殊的香气可驱散蚊虫)

Wormwood[ˈwɜːmwʊd],n. [植] 艾草。（我国南方普遍都有的一种植物，在广西桂林，更是直接用艾叶草的叶子包米饭来做着吃的。艾叶防瘟疫有着几千年的历史了。）

During Dragon Boat Festival, it is a very important custom to hang calamus and wormwood clusters on the door frame. Both calamus and wormwood could give off aroma that can repel pests. In the meantime, people would also make garlands with those plants and wear them, for they believe this could prevent themselves from insects’ bite and do some good to their health.

端午节期间，在门框上挂菖蒲、艾草是很重要的习俗。菖蒲和艾草都可以散发出可以驱除害虫的香气。同时，人们也会用这些植物做花环戴上，因为他们认为这样可以防止昆虫叮咬，对身体有好处。

cluster[\'klʌstə(r)]，n. 群；簇；丛；串。vi. 群聚；丛生。栗子：...clusters of men in formal clothes.…几组身着正装的男人。栗子：The passengers clustered together in small groups.乘客们聚集成小群体。

give off散发出 (气体、热量或气味)。栗子:Many household products give off noxious fumes. 很多家用产品散发有害气体。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

aroma[əˈrəʊmə],n. 芳香.栗子：...the wonderful aroma of freshly baked bread.…新烤面包的美妙香味。

repel[rɪˈpel],vt. 击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快.栗子：Like poles repel each other. 同极相斥。《牛津词典》

garland[ˈɡɑːlənd],n. 花环. vt. 戴花环.栗子：She deftly wove the flowers into a garland. 她灵巧地把花编成了一个花环。《牛津词典》

04 Drinking Realgar Wine

饮雄黄

Realgar[rɪˈælɡə(r)]，n. 雄黄（二硫化二砷）。雄黄，中药名。为硫化物类矿物雄黄族雄黄，主含二硫化二砷(As2S2)。具有解毒杀虫，燥湿祛痰，截疟之功效。

In ancient China, realgar was regarded as insecticide and antidote in traditional Chinese medicine, which could wipe out viper, scorpion and centipede. People put the realgar into the making process of wine, which is believed can drive out the virus and evil spirits on their bodies.

在中国古代，雄黄在中医中被视为杀虫剂和解毒剂，可以消灭毒蛇、蝎子和蜈蚣。人们将雄黄放入酿酒过程中，认为雄黄可以驱除体内的病毒和恶魔。

insecticide[ɪnˈsektɪsaɪd],n. 杀虫剂.

antidote[ˈæntidəʊt],n. [药] 解毒剂；解药.

Wipe out消灭，彻底摧毁；垮台.栗子：You can never wipe out the past. 你永远不能把过去一笔勾销。《牛津词典》

viper[ˈvaɪpə(r)],n. 毒蛇；毒如蛇蝎的人.

scorpion[ˈskɔːpiən],n. 蝎子；蝎尾鞭.