take, spend, pay, cost 辨析
spend,cost,take和pay都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
1. spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:
I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
2. cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:
A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
3. take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:
It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一下午修车。
4. pay的基本用法是:(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost.
我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心,
我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例:They pay us every month.
他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week.
你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
【典型例题】
1.It _____ half an hour to walk from the city library to the post office.
A.take s B.spends C.pays D.costs
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:从城市图书馆到邮局花费半个小时的时间。固定句型It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。故选A。
考 点:考查动词的辨析。
2. How much does the ticket _____from Taixing to Nanjing?
A.take B.spend C.cost D.pay
【答案】C
考点:考查动词辨析。