新概念英语第三册Lesson12重点词汇句型语法解析及课文翻译
一、重点词汇拓展Lesson12 Life on a desert island
1. wretched:可怜的,悲惨的;极坏的,恶劣的
A. making you feel sympathy or pity可怜的；悲惨的 → pitiful
wretched people; lead a wretched life
B. extremely bad or unpleasant 极坏的；恶劣的→awful
★She had a wretched time of it at university.她上大学时的日子十分难熬。
★We were shocked to see their wretched living conditions.
2. starve:
A. to suffer or die because you do not have enough food to eat; to make sb suffer or die in this way（使）挨饿，饿死
sth/sb starve(to death);starve sth/sb to death
B.be starving(for sth): to feel very hungry饿得很
C.starve of -starve sb/sth of sth]: 常被动] to not give sth that is needed使某人（或事物）得不到所需要的
★The schools are starved of funding.
The poor kid's just starved for attention.
3. opportunity:
句型: opportunity to do sth，opportunity for sth/for doing sth，opportunity of doing sth)
a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth机会；时机 → chance
★Reporters all hope to have the opportunity to ask questions at the meeting.
★Our company promotes equal opportunities for women .我们的公司提倡男女机会均等。
★He hopes to be given an opportunity of explaining what happened.
Opportunity knocks only once.
重点区别: chance
表机会时可以与opportunity互换，表可能性时则不可
★There is a chance that I will see him
★The chances are that he will be elected the president.
4. genuinely: sincere and honest; that can be trusted真诚的；诚实的；可信赖的
genuinely sorry 真遗憾
★He was genuinely surprised.
a very genuine person 非常诚实可信的人
(1) genuine真正的；非伪造的；名副其实的
genuine leather真皮
★If it is a genuine Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions.如果这幅画是米开朗琪罗的真迹，它的售价将会达数百万。
真品
★Those cowboy boots sure look like the genuine article.这双牛仔靴看上去的确像是货真价实的正品。
(2 ) 真诚的；诚实的；真心的
★He's a very genuine person.他为人很真诚。
★Jane looked at me in genuine surprise - "Are you really going?" she said.简真的很惊讶，她看着我问道：“你果真要走吗？”
genuinely确实；的确
★I'm genuinely sorry for what I said, I really am.我对我说过的话表示真诚的歉意，真的很对不起。
5. damage损害，损坏，破坏
Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。(1) damage [U] harm or injury损害，危害；损坏；伤害
★Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof.大风使屋顶严重受损。
★Recent discoveries about corruption have done serious damage to the company's reputation.近来曝光的一些腐败行为使该公司的声誉受到严重损害。
★The doctors were worried that he might have suffered brain damage.医生们担心他可能受到了脑损伤。
(2) damages 复数形式通常表示:
legal money which is paid to someone by a person or organization who has been responsible for causing them some injury or loss. 赔偿（金），赔款
★The politician was awarded 50,000 damages over false allegations made by the newspaper.那位政治家获得了报社因报道失实而向他支付的5万英镑赔偿金。
★The police have been ordered to pay substantial damages to the families of the two dead boys.警方被责令向两名死亡儿童的家人支付巨额赔偿金。
★I didn't even know I'd offended her till Colin told me and then it was too late - the damage was done.经科林提醒，我才发觉自己冒犯了她，可是已经晚了。
damage用法特别注意
damage作不可数名词，沒有複數形式，也不能與a或者an連用。注意不要受中文思维误导。表示一定数量或程度的破坏或损失时，不是"damages"而是‘damage’，‘some damage’ 或者‘a lot of damage’。例如:
✘Tourism causes damages to the environment.錯誤的用法
✔Tourism causes a lot of damage to the environment.旅遊業為環境帶來很大破壞。
二、重点句型难句解析Lesson12 Life on a desert island
1. Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法。
form an unrealistic picture of sth 对…抱有不切实际的幻想
★A large number of people have formed an unrealistic picture of the job. Form(v.形成, 构成)= develop(vt.逐渐形成)
develop a habit = form a habit 养成一种习惯
2. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.我们有时想象荒岛是阳光终日普照的天堂。
imagine sth to be = imagine sth as
★Some people imagine flying to be more dangerous than traveling by train.
★A large number people imagine the USA as their paradise.
3. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work.
在那里，生活简单又美好。成熟的水果从树上掉下来，人们根本无需劳动。
You never have to work = you needn’t work = you don’t need to work.
4. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched.You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.
另一种想法恰恰相反，认为荒岛生活很可怕，要么饿死，要么像鲁滨孙那样，天天盼船来，却总没见船影。
quite the opposite 恰恰相反 / quite different
★Either you or I am going to the party. (谓语动词和接近的主语保持一致)
★Either come in or go out, don’t stand on the doorway.(门口, 门道)
5. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.也许，这两种都像都有可信之处。但很少有人能有机会去弄个究竟。
an element of truth = a bit of truth6. Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.最近有两个人在一座珊瑚岛上呆了5天，他们真希望在那儿再多呆一些日子。
wish 之后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气(1) 如果表达与现在情况相反, that 从句中的动词要用过去时(be 动词要用 were)。
★I wish you could drive a car. = I am sorry you can’t drive a car.
所表达的意思是：你要是能开车就好了。(表达一种遗憾的心情)
(2) 如果表达与过去情况相反, that 从句中的动词要用过去完成时。
★I wish I hadn't spent so much money. = I am sorry I spend so much money.
★I wish that you had written to him. = I am sorry you didn’t write to him.
(3) 如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的心愿, that 从句中要使用 would, could 等情态动词的过去时形式。
I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow.
I wish that you could come here tomorrow.
(4) if only 要比 wish 更富有戏剧性和感情色彩
If only the weather would change. = I wish the weather would change. 要是天气转晴该有多好啊!
We wish that we knew where to look for him. = If only we knew where to look for him. 要是我们知道到哪去找他该有多好啊!
If only we could have gone to the party. 要是我们昨天能参加那个聚会该有多好啊!
If only you hadn't said that. 你要是不说那句话多好啊!
If only you would come here tomorrow. 你明天要是能来该有多好啊!
如课文最后一个句子
both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
= If only we could have stayed on the desert island a little bit longer.
7.They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink.他们驾着一条严重损坏的小船从维尔京群岛阿密修理。途中，船开始下沉.
have it repaired (have sth done)请人修理
have sth.done请人做某事
to have a tooth filled植颗牙
to have hair cut理发
8. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.他们迅速把食物、火柴、罐装啤酒往一只救生筏上装。然后在加勒比海上划行了几英里，到了一座珊瑚岛上。
load…with sth 把某物装载到…上
The workers are loading the truck with goods. Unload(vi.卸货, 退子弹 vt.倾销, 卸)
9. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem.岛上几乎没有一颗树，也没有淡水，但这不算什么问题。
hardly any = very little/few (hardly adv.刚刚, 几乎不)
Hardly anybody likes him because he is so rude. 几乎没人喜欢他, 因为他非常粗鲁。
You hardly eat anything. what's wrong? 你几乎什么都没吃, 怎么了? prove to be = turn out to be
10. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy.As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat.他们用像皮艇蓄积雨水。由于他们随身带了一支捕鱼枪，因此，吃饭不愁。
11. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'.他们天天捕捉龙虾和鱼，正如其中一位所说，吃得“像国王一样好”。
Put = express
12. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave. 五天后，一条油轮从那儿路过，搭救了他们。这二位不得不离开那个荒岛时，还真的感到遗憾呢！
both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
= If only we could have stayed on the desert island a little bit longer.
四、课文Lesson12 Life on a desert island及翻译参考
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good.
Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rain-water in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法。我们有时想象荒岛是阳光终日普照的天堂。在那里，生活简单又美好。成熟的水果从树上掉下来，人们根本无需劳动。另一种想法恰恰相反，认为荒岛生活很可怕，要么饿死，要么像鲁滨孙那样，天天盼船来，却总没见船影。也许，这两种都像都有可信之处。但很少有人能有机会去弄个究竟。
最近有两个人在一座珊瑚岛上呆了5天，他们真希望在那儿再多呆一些日子。他们驾着一条严重损坏的小船从维尔京群岛阿密修理。途中，船开始下沉，他们迅速把食物、火柴、罐装啤酒往一只救生筏上装。然后在加勒比海上划行了几英里，到了一座珊瑚岛上。岛上几乎没有一颗树，也没有淡水，但这不算什么问题。他们用像皮艇蓄积雨水。由于他们随身带了一支捕鱼枪，因此，吃饭不愁。他们天天捕捉龙虾和鱼，正如其中一位所说，吃得“像国王一样好”。5天后，一条油轮从那儿路过，搭救了他们。这二位不得不离开那个荒岛时，还真的感到遗憾呢！
