英语不好的自我分析(关于自我提升的4个误解)
英语不好的自我分析(关于自我提升的4个误解)
2024-11-22 10:21:04  作者:嶶嶶一窒  网址:https://m.xinb2b.cn/sport/knz312309.html



关于如何自我提升的建议无处不在。美国在售图书中有2.5%左右的书涉及到这类话题,加上演讲、培训、电视节目、网络产品、教练、瑜伽等等,诸如此类, 自我提升是一个每年100亿美元的产业。当然这只是在美国。

然而, 研究表明, 很多备受好评的建议可能会误导人, 甚至本身就是错误的。尽管研究和实践表明它们充其量只是半真半假, 但关于绩效表现的一些误解依然存在。这或许可以解释为什么最有可能购买自我提升书籍的人在过去18个月内又购买了一本。第一本充满误解的书没有用, 所以他们又买了一本, 也许不久后又买了一本。

《管理杂志》最近的一篇报告指出,在近25000篇关于绩效的学术文章中, 只有一小部分包含了心理学家所称的“人与人之间的差异”,它描述了一个动态范围,诸如个人最好、平均和最差表现之间的差异。建议往往错误地假定:通过使用相同的标准,人与人之间的绩效表现可以相互比较。这太荒谬了。

我们对数以百计的追求业绩者的观察在很大程度上证实了这份报告, 并且已经总结出一系列的误解, 这些误解事实上阻碍了人们试图做出改进。这些断言根植于一系列不同的领域, 包括心理学、体育、艺术和领导力。我们希望通过瓦解这些误解, 解释现实,并提供一些合理的建议, 帮助人们实现更有效的自我发展。

误解一:优异的表现意味着持续表现优异。

现实:顶级表演者的表现变化无常。著名吉他手曾说过, 他在整个职业生涯中都受到了怯场的折磨。他解释说, 这种感觉不是"我够好吗?" ,而是"我今晚会不会足够好?" 能否表现出色,深深地困扰着他。

建议:预测变化性。根本就没有线性、始终如一的改进之路这回事。起伏是常有的。如果总体趋势向上, 那么一切正常。意识到并对此有充分的认识,你就会变得更有耐心, 更不容易灰心丧气。

误解二:参照别人会让我们变得更好。

现实:改进包括重复行动和环境,从而导致我们最好的表现。随着时间的推移,这些行动和环境就会根深蒂固。它不是模仿来的。但研究表明,事实上,我们总是将自己与他人进行比较,并且会带来消极的后果。在某些情况下,我们以那些更有能力或更有成就的人为基准,当我们无法与他们相匹配时,这种做法可能会适得其反。在其他情况下, 我们常常潜意识地努力维护我们的自尊心,我们比照的对象是那些不太成功的人——这是一种"向下的比较", 对个人发展来说,显然是一场恶梦。

建议:一个更好的方法是通过回顾错误和总结经验来寻求真正的改进机会。专注于变得比昨天更好,实现自己的潜能和抱负,而不是别人的。这将给你一个更强烈的感觉,你想去哪里,更重要的是,为什么。

误解三:成功人士只运用"刻意练习"这一种成功策略。

现实:虽然大联盟棒球投手迪基在2012年赢得了赛扬(Cy Young)奖, 部分原因在于他精通指节球——这是一个难以领会的棒球投法, 如果投的好,击球手几乎毫无胜算——他也练习并完善了更加传统的技术。特别是在职业巅峰时, 他认为指节球只是多种投法当中的一个选项。他不仅仅依靠那个特殊的武器, 而是通过多变的投法、速度和旋转来甩开对方的击球手。

建议:对于你或者其他任何人来说, 进步的方法并非只有一种。单一的大策略很少奏效, 因为无法用来应对随时冒出的紧急情况。适应性和计划具有同等重要性。只要经过缜密思考, 即便与众不同,也要勇于实践。这也会增强你在自主选择的道路上的主人翁意识。

误解四:进步源于坚定不移地专注于最具挑战性的目标。

现实:有证据表明, 设定目标和追求目标实际上可能会阻碍进步。在一项研究中, 芝加哥大学的教授要求参与者用简单的方法来提高自己: 去健身房或者用牙线剔牙。研究人员发现, 虽然目标设定增加了受试者对某事的思考量, 但实际上却减少了他们花在做这件事情上的时间。

建议:在目标规划和实践之间创造一些间隔。首先, 想想你的最终目标, 比如"我想提高我的高尔夫挥杆水平", 或者"我想把我今年的销售额增加20% 。" 然而, 一旦你开始执行, 请关注活动本身的回报和乐趣, 而不要强调结果。例如, 提醒自己你有多喜欢打高尔夫球或者与顾客交谈带来的乐趣, 而不去想那个具有挑战性的目标(并给自己施压)。

最后, 进步来源于对我们所面临的独特挑战和所拥有能力的自知, 而并非源于遵循流行文化的模式。它是对低谷和高峰的理解, 是我们对自己的比较, 是适应形势, 是注重细节而又保持格局。这不仅仅是针对自我提升的建议, 它还是一种领导他人的方式。毕竟, 在你领导另一个人之前, 你必须能够领导自己。

英文原文

Advice on how to improve one’s self is everywhere. It accounts for about 2.5% of all book sales in the United States. Add in speeches, training programs, TV programs, online-products, coaches, yoga, and the like, self-help is a $10 billion industry per year, and that’s just in the U.S.

However, research shows that much of the advice extolled may be misleading or even wrong. Several myths about performance persist, despite research and practices that show they are half-truths at best. That might explain why the most likely purchasers of self-improvement books have bought another within the previous 18 months. The first myth-riddled book didn’t work, so they bought another, and maybe another soon after.

A recent report in the Journal of Management noted that of nearly 25,000 academic articles on performance, only a fraction include what psychologists call within person variance, which describes ranges, such as that between individuals’ top, average and worst performances. Advice too often mistakenly assumes performance can be compared across people, using the same gauge. That’s absurd.

Our observation of hundreds of performance seekers largely confirms the report and has led to delineating a series of myths that hold people back when trying to improve. These assertions are based on a diverse set of fields, including psychology, sports, arts, and leadership. We hope that by dispelling these myths, explaining the reality and offering some sound advice instead, we can help move people toward more effective personal development.

Myth 1: Performing at the top means consistent peak performance.

Reality:Top performers experience variability in their performance. Famed musician Gregg

Allman has said that he suffered from stage fright throughout his career. The feeling, he explained, was not “Am I any good?” Rather, it was “Am I gonna be good tonight?” Whether he was going to deliver his best, or less, haunted him.

Advice:Expect variability. There’s just no such thing as linear, unwavering, improvement paths. There will be ups and downs. If the path is generally up, all’s good. To the extent you know and appreciate that, you’ll be more patient and less likely to be discouraged.

Myth 2: We get better by benchmarking ourselves against others.

Reality:Improvement involves repeating the actions and circumstances that lead to our best performances so that over time they become ingrained. It doesn’t come from mimicry. But research shows that we do, indeed, compare ourselves to others all the time, with negative consequences. In some cases, we benchmark against those who are more capable or accomplished, which can be counterproductive when we fail to match them. In other cases, often in a subconscious effort to preserve our self-esteem, we rate ourselves against people who are less successful — a “downward comparison” that is obviously anathema to personal development.

Advice: A better approach is to pursue real opportunities for improvement by reviewing mistakes and taking stock of how experiences can lead to improvement. Focus on getting better than you were yesterday and living up to your own potential and aspirations, not somebody else’s. This will give you a keener sense of where you want to go, and, more importantly, why.

Myth 3: Successful people engage in “singular deliberate practice” of one winning strategy.

Reality: Although Major League baseball pitcher R.A. Dickey won the Cy Young award in 2012 in part because of his mastery of the knuckle ball — a pitch that’s difficult to learn but almost unhittable when executed well — he also practiced, and perfected, more traditional techniques. Especially when performing at his height, he thought of the knuckle ball as just one approach among many. He won by relying not just on that special weapon but on a variety pitches, speeds, and spins, to throw off the opposing batter.

Advice: There is no one way for you, or anybody else, to improve. Singular grand strategies seldom work because they don’t account for exigencies that emerge along the way.

Adaptability is as important as plan. Don’t hesitate to call an audible — as long as it’s a thoughtful one. That will also increase your sense of ownership in the path willfully chosen.

Myth 4: Improvement stems from unwavering focus on your most challenging goals.

Reality: Evidence suggests that setting goals and pursuing them may actually inhibit improvement. In one study, professors at the University of Chicago asked participants to improve themselves in simple ways: hitting the gym or flossing teeth. The researchers found that while goal-setting increased the amount of thinking those subjects put into something, it actually decreased the amount of time they spent doing it.

Advice: Create some separation between goal planning and doing. First, think about your end game, such as “I want to improve my golf swing,” or “I want to increase the number of sales I make this year by 20%.” Once you’ve begun to execute, however, focus on what’s rewarding and fun about the activity itself, but de-emphasize the outcome. For example, remind yourself how much you like to play golf or talking to customers, without thinking about (and pressuring yourself) with that challenging target.

In the end, improvement comes from knowing our own unique challenges and abilities, not from following pop-culture formulas. It’s about understanding valleys and peaks, comparing ourselves to ourselves, adapting along the way, and staying small while staying big. This is not just advice for your own improvement; it’s a way to lead others. After all, you have to be able to lead yourself before you lead another.

克里斯托弗·卡雅斯、詹姆斯·贝利|文

克里斯托弗·卡雅斯是乔治华盛顿大学的教授和管理系的系主任。詹姆斯·贝利是乔治华盛顿大学的领导力教授。

译言网网友 玉堂春晓 |译 周强 |校


《哈佛商业评论》

newmedia@hbrchina.org

公众号ID:hbrchinese

长按二维码,订阅属于你的“卓越密码”。

  • 单加偏旁组词(汉字单加偏旁组词)
  • 2024-11-22汉字单加偏旁组词单加弓字旁=弹,组词:导弹、弹指、炸弹、弹弓、弹性、氢弹、炮弹、弹痕、弹跳、弹力单加示字旁=禅,组词:禅宗、封禅、坐禅、参禅、禅学、禅机、禅房、禅理、禅林、禅门单加耳朵旁=郸,组词:邯郸路、邯郸道、邯。
  • 矿物质刹车油怎么用(统一润滑油小课堂)
  • 2024-11-22统一润滑油小课堂刹车油进水,会导致刹车系统温度升高,有气阻产生导致刹车变软,制动力下降,甚至出现刹车失灵本期统一润滑油小课堂给大家具体介绍一下刹车油一、刹车片、刹车盘和刹车油组成了刹车系统刹车油也叫汽车制动液,我们在。
  • 羊肚的做法大全家常(最美味的做法三则分享)
  • 2024-11-22最美味的做法三则分享羊肚汤用料:羊肚200g、大蒜籽5个、洋葱半个、花椒15粒、白胡椒粒15个、盐适量、香菜少许做法:(1)羊肚洗净,冷水入锅煮沸后捞出,切丝(2)准备配料,漏了花椒(3)铸铁锅或沙煲煮开水放入调料包(花。
  • 汉灵帝给宫女发明衣服是真的吗(汉灵帝有多疯狂)
  • 2024-11-22汉灵帝有多疯狂汉灵帝有多疯狂?半个月宠幸上百宫女,还为此发明了开裆裤相比当今的生活,古代的生活水平是特别低下的,古代的生活与现代人的生活简直有着天壤之别要说起古代人的生活,能够过的特别的奢侈也就属皇帝了,皇帝在古代。
  • 咸肉放冰箱几天能吃(咸肉有点臭能吃吗)
  • 2024-11-22咸肉有点臭能吃吗临近过年的时候农村家家户户都会杀猪,然后准备腊肉、咸肉有时候会发信啊咸肉有点发臭,那么咸肉有点臭能吃吗?咸肉臭了怎么办?咸肉有点臭能吃吗应该是盐放少了,细菌滋生,所以发臭要看臭的程度,如果出现腐烂就不。
  • ui设计培训课程是哪些(UI设计培训需要学习哪些软件开发技术)
  • 2024-11-22UI设计培训需要学习哪些软件开发技术由于互联网时代的设计变革,UI设计师岗位应运而生越来越多的年轻人设计人加入了UI设计师这个新兴的职业,有的人看重UI设计的高薪资、有的人看到无限美好的职业前景说到IT互联网设计很多人肯定要问一问,UI。
  • 90后夫妻罕见结婚证火了(90后夫妻结婚证走红)
  • 2024-11-2290后夫妻结婚证走红自从孩子出生之后,给孩子取名也就变成了一件头等大事俗话说:"名如其人",对于很多父母来说名字也决定了孩子一生的运势和前途,所以对于给孩子取名这件事,大多数父母都是格外上心前不久,一对9。
  • 香港过关禁带的东西(新规注意去香港带这个)
  • 2024-11-22新规注意去香港带这个最近关于出入境禁止携带物品又有新规定,这个大家一定要知道,避免踩坑!不少人在假日都喜欢去香港游玩以及购物,购物之余当然要带些手信回家,自用或送亲朋好友,如花旗参这种质素高及价钱便宜,成为了不少旅客的首。
  • 长城发布的越野皮卡(皮卡版坦克500搭载3.0T)
  • 2024-11-22皮卡版坦克500搭载3.0T在前不久开幕的成都车展上,长城发布了旗下全新的大型皮卡,并且在经过网络征名活动后,该车正式定名为山海炮新车将搭载3.0TV69AT动力总成,并标配博格华纳4ALOCK四驱系统此外,该车还将会推出搭载2。
  • 古代挖山发现古墓(江苏茅山脚下发现一墓葬)
  • 2024-11-22江苏茅山脚下发现一墓葬在中国古代的封建王朝中,一直流行着一种殉葬制度这种制度是将一些名贵的器物、猪牛羊这种牲畜或者制作的一些木俑跟随死者一起葬入地下这是一种为亡者祈福的手段,而随着亡者身份地位的提高,甚至还有活人生祭这种残。
  • 怎样判断自己得抑郁症(抑郁症还有这些生理体现)
  • 2024-11-22抑郁症还有这些生理体现#抑郁症的生理体现有哪些?#抑郁症的典型症状是情绪低落,这几乎是每一个抑郁症患者都有的症状,情绪低落的程度跟病情的轻重有关但除了情绪低落,抑郁症患者还有有一些生理体现,也可以说是抑郁症的躯体症状,因为。
  • mg5自动豪享版落地10万买贵没(汽车保值率榜单出炉)
  • 2024-11-22汽车保值率榜单出炉近日,中国汽车流通协会发布了《2022年8月中国汽车保值率研究报告》报告显示,中国潮跑创领者全新MG5超越缤瑞、帝豪、逸动等车型,成为10万以内自主紧凑型车保值率第一名尤为难得的是,MG品牌三年保值率。