每天五分钟，Funway English好轻松~
[心]这是一个语言学系列的知识点合集[心]
常见的第一语言习得理论有三种：
Behavioristic Approaches 行为主义
The Nativist Approach 先天主义
Functional Approach 功能主义
今天我们先来看什么是行为主义理论。
Behavioristic Approaches. 行为主义理论，关注语言行为 语言行为与周围事件的关联。
Definition of Behavioristic Approaches:
1. Focuses on the immediately perceptible aspects of linguistic behavior.
2. Focuses on the relationships or associations between those responses (linguistic behavior) and events in the world surrounding them.
行为主义理论中，经典的理论有Skinner的Verbal Behavior (言语行为理论）和Jenkins & Palermo的Mediation Theory (中介理论）。
Verbal Behavior 言语行为理论
Skinner 的言语行为理论认为，言语行为和其它行为一样，由结果来负责。言语行为理论是Skinner操作条件学习理论的扩充。操作条件比较为人熟知，他认为人和动物的行为有两类：应答性行为和操作性行为。应答性行为是由特定刺激引起的，是不随意的反射性行为，例如风吹眨眼。操作性行为则不与任何特定刺激相联系，是有机体自发做出的随意反应，如婴儿喃喃自语。
Skinner's theory of Verbal Behavior
1. It is an extension of Skinner's general theory of learning by operant conditioning.
2. Operant conditioning refers to conditioning in which the organism emits a response, or operant, without necessarily observable stimuli; that operant is maintained by reinforcement.
3. According to Skinner, verbal behavior, like other behavior, is controlled by its consequences.
行为主义中另一个代表性理论是Mediation theory (中介理论），中介理论中，由言语刺激引出一个“刺激-反应”的中介反应，也是一个自我刺激反应。Jenkins和Palermo认为，儿童可以习得短语结构框架，并且儿童可以学习每个框架中的等效“刺激-反应”，而模仿事件建立刺激-反应链接的重要条件。简单来说，中介理论认为，言语刺激引出中介反应，而这种反应是可以被儿童通过模仿的方式所学习的。
Mediation theory
1. In an attempt to broaden the base of behavioristic theory, psychologists proposed mediation theory.
2. Linguistic stimulus (a word or sentences) elicits a mediating stimulus-response that is self-stimulating.
3. Jenkins and Palermo (1964) claimed that the child:
May acquire frames of a phrase-structure grammar
May learn the stimulus-response equivalences that can be substituted within each frame.
4. If not essential, imitation was an important aspect of establishing stimulus -response associations.
