返回
2013年12月份英语四级真题第二套（2013年英语专业四级部分真题）
2013年12月份英语四级真题第二套（2013年英语专业四级部分真题）
2024-11-22 06:05:30  作者:林間撫琴者  网址:https://m.xinb2b.cn/know/nrw250714.html

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.，今天小编就来说说关于2013年12月份英语四级真题第二套?下面更多详细答案一起来看看吧!


2013年12月份英语四级真题第二套

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.

These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can’t change your behavior by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It’s more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you’re a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you’ll probably do so, too.

The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.

Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.

You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that’ll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.

Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural（神经系统的）networks inside.

To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You’re trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.

This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.

If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you’re probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don’t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.

96. Which of the following is a key element in the 19th-century character model? B

　　A. Passion. B. Determination. C. Capability. D. Action.

97. The 19th-century model supposedly does not work because 　D　.

A. it has worked unsatisfactorily most of the time.

B. the comparison of free will to a dam is groundless.

C. what one wishes to do should be considered carefully.

D. there were many other factors beyond one’s control.

98. What is the main implication of the research at Duke University?A

A. Habit is key to one’s behavior. B. One’s behavior is difficult to change.

C. Both habit and will power are important. D. Habit has an unidentified structure.

99. According to the new character model, personal behavior could be altered through 　A.

A. cues to manipulate the habitual neural responses.

B. cues to stop all the former unconscious habits.

C. techniques to devise different physical cues.

D. techniques to supplement old routines.

100. We learn from the passage that the new character model 　C　.

A. has been used to change behavior successfully.

B. deals better with emotional aspects of behavior.

C. stresses the neural and psychological aspects of habit change.

D. can bring about changes in one’s life like what advertisers do.

  • 建筑工程标准化建造指导手册（施工标准第21讲四新技术应用）
  • 2024-11-22施工标准第21讲四新技术应用高效建造核心管理要求指导项目通过科学合理的工序穿插，控制关键工期节点，减少工作面及人员闲置；通过等步距的时间安排，延长各工序的施工周期，减少资源集中投入，实现均衡、有序施工，既可做到安全可控，又能提升。
  • 雷丁d70要驾照吗（雷丁d70是否需要驾照详解）
  • 2024-11-22雷丁d70是否需要驾照详解需要AAABBCC2等级的驾照都可以驾驶，即需要C2级以上的驾照等级车辆分为机动车和非机动车客车、货车、轿车等为机动车；非动力驱动的为非机动车机动车很复杂，它们内部又细分为很多等级，根据等级的不同，有。
  • 关于保护环境的宣传标语
  • 2024-11-22关于保护环境的宣传标语1.保护环境，让蓝天白云永驻，愿绿水青山长留2.保护环境美河山,持续发展兴伟业3.爱护碧水蓝天,拥抱美好明天4.环山环水环风景,保洁保绿保健康。
  • 辣椒油怎么洗掉（辣椒油弄到衣服上的清洗方法）
  • 2024-11-22辣椒油弄到衣服上的清洗方法用纸巾快速吸掉衣服上的油污，滴几滴洗洁精在辣椒油处，再进行搓洗，直至去除油渍即可直接在辣椒油处涂抹适量的松香水、香蕉水或汽油，然后放进3%的盐水里浸泡几分钟，再用清水漂洗干净取少许面粉调成糊状，涂在衣。
  • 艾草青团不包馅的做法（青团艾草版）
  • 2024-11-22青团艾草版今年的清明节终于可以在家里过啦！也就是说：终、于、可、以、做、清明粿啦！好吧我们家这边吃的清明粿跟今天要写的青团并不完全一样虽说都是糯米艾草皮，不过形状和馅料都有差别，不只是叫法不同嘛不过要说它们本质。
  • 世界至今十大未解之谜（震惊世界的十大未解之谜）
  • 2024-11-22震惊世界的十大未解之谜世界非常之大，在我们看不见的地方有很多的未解之谜，甚至有一些谜团连科学家都无法解释，世界十大未解之谜困扰着许多科学家就好比百慕大神秘失踪之谜，人员神秘失踪连尸首都没有，跟小编一起来看看世界十大未解之谜。
  • 亚洲最美红叶景区（最美红叶观赏地）
  • 2024-11-22最美红叶观赏地#头条创作挑战赛#北京进入深秋，又到了赏红叶的季节，一说起红叶，网友最先想到的一定的香山红叶，事实上，咱北京赏红叶的地方不止这一处，而且各有各的的特点，各有各的玩儿法，尽管疫情原因，北京人不能像前几年。
  • 奉俊昊电影链接（奉俊昊经典神作之一）
  • 2024-11-22奉俊昊经典神作之一由于《寄生虫》在最新一届的奥斯卡上斩获四项大奖，奉俊昊以及韩国电影受到了前所未有的关注据说，就连韩国啤酒和泡面的销售量也随之水涨船高，颇有在全世界影迷中掀起新一股“韩流”趋势借用戴锦华老师的话说，这样。
  • 猫狗也可以进飞机客舱！但有人欢喜有人忧
  • 2024-11-22猫狗也可以进飞机客舱！但有人欢喜有人忧在不少宠物主人眼中，宠物已经成为自己的“家人”，去哪里都想有它们的陪伴现代快报记者注意到，9月20日起，海南航空（下称“海航”）将恢复客舱宠物运输服务据了解，该项服务曾从2017年底起试运行此外，吉祥。
  • 古诗赏析李商隐无题（一日一诗无题二首）
  • 2024-11-22一日一诗无题二首无题二首李商隐《无题二首》是唐代诗人李商隐的组诗作品第一首为七言律诗，着重抒写相爱而受到重重阻隔不能如愿的怅惘之情首联交待时间和地点，即昨夜身处星辰高挂的静谧幽深的夜空下；颔联抒写今夕对意中人的思念，。
  • 芒种过后喝什么粥好（麦仁粥还是要喝的）
  • 2024-11-22麦仁粥还是要喝的芒种虽然过了，麦仁粥还是要喝的昨天是芒种，突然想起芒种是要喝麦仁粥的芒种时节，天气炎热，是收获麦子，播种水稻的季节许多地方有喝麦仁粥的习惯麦仁是麦子磨掉皮后的东西，一种全麦谷物颗粒，含有麦类谷物的全部。
  • 无奈的红尘情缘4058（无奈的红尘情缘）
  • 2024-11-22无奈的红尘情缘第332回亿万富翁侯学良当然也不吃素，这些年他在商场摸爬滚打，黑道白道风雨常经常见，不会被三言两语就唬出尿来他定了定情绪，说道：“你可别忘了，我是厦大的”语中的含义是：我不是“吓大”的常颖很平静：“知。